Tetrahydrofuran (THF): Gin ma konyo tic pa jami ma ki lwongo ni Precision Chemical Processes
Kwedo matut i kom jami ma kwako jami makwo
Kit ma ki yubu kwede jami ma pat pat
Kit ma THF tye kwede tye ki dul ma ki lwongo ni cyclic ether ring ki oxygen atom, ma yubu jami ma pire tek ma lubo ni:
Polar Solvency: A dipole moment of 2.75 D weko hydrogen bonding ki polar molecules nongo tye ka cobo nonpolar compounds kun wok ki i dipole interactions, ma miyo bedo maber pi jami ma pat pat.
Ring Reactivity: Ether ring ni okato ki i acid-catalyzed ring-opening, ma konyo tic ma calo alkylation ki polymerization. Kit ma jami ni loko kwede pire tek pi yubu jami ma calo polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG).
Kit ma kom dano nen kwede
Kit me lyeto: Ka lyeto i 66°C ki ngiic i -108.5°C, THF bedo pii i rwom me lyeto ma lac, ma rwate pi tic ma piny lyet ki yub me ngwec oyotoyot.
Kit me tero: Peko ma lapiny (0.55 mPa·s) ki rwom ma malo (26.4 mN/m) medo kero me juku ne, ma pire tek pi lwoko ki tic ki bongo.
Lok me gwoke: Tye ma twero lyel matek (kare me lyel -17.2°C) ki yubu jami ma twero wango ki yamo (1.8–12.4% vol), ma mito yoo me gengo mac matek.
Tic ma pire tek i kin dul ma pat pat
yubu jami ma ki lwongo ni Polymer ki Resin
Polyurethane (PU) Synthesis:
PTMEG Production: THF obedo gin ma ki tiyo kwede me yubu polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), gin ma pire tek ma tye i spandex fibers ki thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Ma kato 90% pa THF me wilobo ki tiyo kwede i dul man, ki ton acel acel me spandex mito ~0.8 ton me THF.
PU Adhesives: Ka ki rubu ki DMF, THF yubu jami ma juku oyot, ma tek tutwal pi war ki motoka, ma miiyo 35% me jami ma juku ki 40% ma juku oyoto loyo jami ma ki lwongo ni DMF.
Epoxy ki Synthetic Resins:
Ma calo gin ma ki lwongo ni co-solvent i yub me epoxy, THF medo rom pa jami ma ki rubu ki dwoko piny rwom me buru, ma miyo twero me tic ki jami ma ki lwongo ni electronics ki aerospace.
Jami makwo ki jami ma pat pat
Kit ma Grignard odok kwede:
THF gwoko jami ma tye i kin jami makwo (e.g., RMgX) kun tiyo ki magnesium ions, ma medo rwom me tic ki 15-20% ka kiporo ki diethyl ether. Labol: I yub me ibuprofen, THF-based Grignard steps nongo ≥99.5% maleng ki ≤0.3% byproducts.
Lithium Battery Electrolytes:
THF medo rwom me tic pa lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆)-based electrolytes (≥10 mS/cm), medo kwo pa jami ma ki lwongo ni cycle ma oo tyen 1,000 (gwoko teko ≥85%) i lithium metal batteries.
Diro ma malo ki jami ma pat pat
Lwoko jami ma ki lwongo ni Semiconductor: THF kwanyo jami ma odong i kom jami ma ki lwongo ni microelectronics manufacturing, ma weko metal ion contamination ≤10 ppb pi tic ma tye piny ki 14 nm.
Kit ma ki yubu kwede jami ma ki lwongo ni Pharmaceutical Crystallization: Ki tiiyo kwede me dwoko jami ma ki lwongo ni antibiotics ki steroids, THF-water systems kelo crystals ma rom (50-200 μm) ki ≥99.9% maleng.
Kwanyo jami ma ki nongo ki i kom dano: kwanyo jami ma ki lwongo ni lipophilic compounds (e.g., CBD, paclitaxel) ki 25% maleng loyo nonpolar solvents, kun dwoko piny balo ne ki i lyeto manok.
Jami ma ki nyutu
| Nying jami | Propionic Acid | |||||||||
| Kit me yubu jami ma ki lwongo ni Chemical | C3H6O2 | |||||||||
| Pek pa Molecule | 74.08 g/mol | |||||||||
| Kit ma nen kwede | Pii ma nen ma pe ki kala | |||||||||
| Ka ma mol iye | -20.8°C | |||||||||
| Ka ma lyeto tye iye | 141.1°C | |||||||||
| Rwom ka ki pimo | 0.993 g/cm3 | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 79 - 09 - 4 | |||||||||
| HS Code | 29155000 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 201 - 176 - 3 | |||||||||
| Kwac | Ki tiiyo kwede i jami ma ki yubu ki plastik, yadi, dek, jami ma ki tiyo kwede me juku ki moo | |||||||||
Karatac me neno rwom me tic
| Nying jami | Propionic Acid | ||||||
| KIT GI MO | wel ma ki ngeyo(%) | TEST VALUE(%) | |||||
| Propionic Acid ma tye, w/%≥ | 99.5 | 99.9 | |||||
| Pek pa jami(20/20°C) | 0.993-0.997 | 0.996 | |||||
| Kit ma lyeto tye kwede/℃ | 138.5-142.5 | 139.4-141.1 | |||||
| Gin ma odong ma odong, w/%≤ | 0.01 | 0.006 | |||||
| Pii, w/%≤ | 0.15 | 0.02 | |||||
| Aldehyde,w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.04 | |||||
| oxidization mayot, w/%≤ | ≤0.05 | 0.01 | |||||
| Pb mg/kg≤ | 2.0 | ≤2.0 | |||||
| Ma calo mg/kg≤ | 3.0 | ≤3.0 | |||||
| Giko ne | Lub cik me GB 1886.210-2016 | ||||||
Tam me gwoko kuc ki alokaloka me tic
Peko me yotkom ki kabedowa
Peko: Yweyo ma pek (>500 ppm) twero kelo goro i CNS; bedo pi kare malac twero balo tic pa adunu/obwo. Mito jami ma gwoko yweyo (APF≥10) ki cing ma gengo jami ma kelo two.
Adwogi ne i kom kabedowa: Twero rweny woko i ngom (nucu kwo ne ≤nino 5) ento rac i kom kwo me pii (LC50 rec=110 mg/L). Pii ma ki tiyo kwede omyera ki lok iye maber (COD≤50 mg/L) ma pwod pi ki cwalo woko.
Lagam pa cik ki diro
rwom me leng:
Tic me yubu jami (≥99%): Pi yubu jami weny, miyo ≤0.5% pii/aldehydes.
Gin ma ki lwongo ni Electronic (≥99.9%): Metal ions ≤1 ppb, SEMI C8-compliant for semiconductor use.
Yat (≥99.5%): FDA-kiye, aldehydes ≤10 ppm pi yubu yadi.
Lubu cik me wilobo:
EU REACH: Ki gengo i kom jami ma mako cam (woto ≤0.05 mg/kg).
US OSHA: PEL-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), ma mito ni ki bed ka neno yamo i gang tic.
Pingo wa yero THF wa?
Lengo ma pe ki balo: Kit me tic ki yat adek ma ki medo i kom jami ma ki lwongo ni electronic-grade THF ma tye 99.99% maleng, ki ≤10 ppm moisture ki ≤1 ppm aldehydes, ma miyo batch-to-batch bedo marom (aloka loka ≤±0.02%).
Yoo me cobo peko: Kit ma ki yubu kwede pi rwom me pii (50-1000 ppm), rwom me peroxide (≤10 ppm), ki pH (5.0-7.0), ma calo low-peroxide THF pi jami ma ki yubu me cang.
Jami ma ki tiyo kwede me gwoko kuc: Ka gwoko jami ma ki lwongo ni Nitrogen-blanketed ki yoo me tero jami ma pe twero wango piny miyo gwoko ne maber ki i yubu ne nio wa i cwalo ne.
Kit me tic ki cik: Lubu cik me wilobo ki SEMI, ACS, ki FDA, ma ki miiyo kony ki MSDS ma ki twero loko me donyo i cuk labongo ayella.
Ribe pi tic maber i kom jami ma ki lwongo ni Chemical
Kit ma THF tye kwede ma rwate ki rwom me tic, rwom me tic, ki rwom me tic ma en tiyo kwede keto en calo gin ma pire tek i chemistry me kare ni. Cik wa i kom jami ma leng, diro manyen, ki lubu cik miyo teko bot luwil ma i jami ma ki yubu ki plastik, jami ma tiyo ki mac, ki yadi me kelo alokaloka maber. Yer THF wa me yabo rwom me tic maber, ki gwoko ne i tic weny.